Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 1408 Words

INTRODUCTION Although there are many differences in the way a utopia is achieved and ultimately the way it falls apart, the peace and harmony desired for a utopia is the same. Each book portrays different societies. In â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† firemen are the people who have a job of hunting down and burning any books found in the community. In â€Å"The Giver,† there is no war, no crime committed, and no hunger. Every person has a job and a purpose. PARAGRAPH 1 Ray Bradbury portrays a dystopian vision in his novel â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian society which attempts to become a utopian society. This is difficult because the people in the community still question their own society, and some even still carry books in their homes illegally. The main purpose in this novel is to show how books are illegal and the people who are found with books in their homes, will have their homes burned down as well as them being arrested. No one is supposed to read books as it will make people start developing opinions. All this instead of putting out fires. This is an example of censorship. The government started banning books to protect the people from learning something new, but as time passed, the firemen used this system for control. The burning of the houses is a form of control, and the firemen only burn the houses during the night. This is an example of propaganda. By burning the houses at night, the fires burst s into the air becoming a show for the rest of theShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature slowly disappear from the minds of the population? This is the question that Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs andRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511358 Words   |  6 Pagesnotice them, books were outlawed, knowledge was forbidden, and memories were hard to come by? In the 1950 novel Fahrenheit 451, author Ray Bradbury presents a society which invokes much thought about the way we live in society today. It’s a story about a lifestyle in the future that has evolved from our present, but in seemingly different worlds. Through the protagonist, Guy Montag, Bradbury makes a wider point about the dangers that a society can present. The government of this future forbids itsRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511360 Words   |  6 Pages Ray Bradbury and his Fahrenheit 451 Future Technology has had many great contributions, but is it destroying America as author Ray Bradbury foreseen back in the 1950’s. The intent of this paper is to explain how Fahrenheit 451, which was written over 65 years ago, has begun to come true in some aspects of American society today. The intended audience for this paper is fellow students who have not read this novel, and the professor. Ray Bradbury’s role in Fahrenheit 451 is to help readers understandRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511120 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuality suppression, and the ever-growing gap between upper and lower class. The United States is heading down the path of becoming a dystopian society. Citizens in the United States have the same general behavior as those in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451. This novel features a world where cars are fast, music is loud, and watching television is the main way to spend free time. People rarely make time for each other, rarely imagine and form their own opinions, and rarely take the timeRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512532 Words   |  11 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is a magnificent masterpiece written to aid in visualizing what a distant future dystopian society would look like; one in which everyone lives in the fast lane, technology is at its crowning, void of human relations and instant satisfactions, as well as gratifications, are constantly being pursued. The novel was written during the era where communism and the holocaust began to sprout. Mr. Bradbury, being a patriot of his country, feared that society was leaning towardRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451976 Words   |  4 PagesGuy Mont age from Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 would be similar to life without a choice. Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 demonstrates how excessive use of technology affects a person’s relationship. Montage is the protagonist of the novel who is a fireman. Montage lives in a world where his job is to burn books, and initiate a fire. The government is trying to outlaw the use of books in the city. Bradbury portrays this new world through the character of Montage. Bradbury describes Montage’sRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512451 Words   |  10 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is a prime example of social criticism. The story sets in the 24th century where people race jet cars; the author’s idea of the future. It shows a flawed social structure, controlled by the media and government with banning and burning of books, and suppressing society’s minds from history. Their logical thought was that it would keep society from thinki ng too much, which in turn would prevent bad thoughts, and to keep them â€Å"happy all the time†. The book tells a storyRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one possible future way of life, while honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliantRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512323 Words   |  10 Pagesnot accepted, or even worse, a detached society where emotions no longer exist. By reading the first few pages of Fahrenheit 451, readers immediately get the feeling of a dystopian society. Firemen creating fires, instea d of extinguishing them, and technology that has taken their society to a whole new level of entertainment. These are exaggerated ideas right off the bat, yet Ray Bradbury carries the readers through the story in order to show them his own outlook on the future- in fact, all dystopianRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512071 Words   |  9 Pageslives? In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury depicts a society that is immersed in technology, which becomes an obsession for most of its people. Bradbury also describes the negative effects that come with this technology, especially losing essential human traits like communication and common sense. Finally, Bradbury sends the message that technology is so powerful that it not only controls certain people, but an entire society as well. In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes the dangers

Dystopian Novel, The Lord Of The Flies - 1736 Words

One experiences dystopia when their condition of life is unpleasant or bad typically because of the totalitarian or environmentally degrading government. A dystopian novel can be described as a dark vision of our future. Based off all of the works read the character’s fit into the dystopian lifestyle. The dystopian lifestyle practiced by the characters can also depict the way other people felt during time of the dystopian time period. Many of the people affected were not able to survive, and therefore turned themselves in for death or for other unsettling situations. In the novel, The Lord of The Flies, by William Golding, the dystopian literature elicits the lack of freewill. The novel begins by describing similar dystopian characteristics such as an abnormal lifestyle and environment. The abnormal setting introduction shows how the condition of life at the island is bad. â€Å"This is an island. At least I think it’s an island. That’s a reef out in the sea. Pe rhaps there aren’t any grownups anywhere†(Golding 1). During this time it appears that a plane with a lot of school boys had crashed into an island and there weren’t any adult survivors only boys. Quickly the boys began to freak out when they realized they didn’t have any adult surveillance. The need for order was badly needed in order for the survivors to get off the island. At the start the boys all have good comradery but it quickly evolves into fights and disagreements. They all begin to argueShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis Of Brave New World And Lord Of The Flies 888 Words   |  4 PagesWorld and Lord of the Flies: Comparative Analysis on Archetypes Sometimes, societies cannot avoid sacrifice in order to thrive. Unfortunately, the purest individuals often make the sacrifices, not the deserving. Jesus Christ, a common archetype among literary characters, sacrificed himself for His community and people around Him. William Golding and Aldous Huxley’s contemporary dystopian novels reflect a similar theme through their use of archetypes. For instance, both Brave New World and Lord of theRead MoreLord of the FLies by William Golding682 Words   |  3 PagesLord of the Flies written by William Golding is a dramatic dystopian novel, which presents the theme of the â€Å"darkness of man’s heart†. During the midst of the war a group of young boys are stranded on an uninhabited island, with no adults, after their plane crashes. Their journey to civilized order commences by voting for the leader, which Ralph, representing the common good, is chosen and not Jack, the one in desire for absolute power. Furthermore, they are each given responsibilities, but JackRead MoreThe Hunger Games And Lord Of The Flies Literary Analysis1419 Words   |  6 PagesGames by Suzanne Collins and Lord of the Flies by William Golding are skillful depictions of what occurs when youths are isolated from the rest of society. Occurring in dystopian realities, groups of youths are left stranded in a designated, isolated area with dangerous and impenetrable boundaries. Without the presence of rules or authority, many characters in both novels must make changes to their moral compasses in order to survive. Immediately, characters from both novels cling to one another forRead MoreUtopia:The Flawed Pursuit for Perfection1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern works and form the basis for this analysis in William Golding’s The Lord of the Flies and Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games. Through their most recognised pieces, Golding and Collins demonstrate that free will and control cannot be moderated effectively to susta in a utopian society. Demonstrating that human greed and corruption dismantle these ideals, effectively creating a dystopia. Through The Lord of the Flies, Golding demonstrates the degradation of a potentially utopic society, intoRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1745 Words   |  7 Pages1954 novel, Lord of the Flies by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding is a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition. Set in the midst of a nuclear war, the text details a group of marooned British school boys as they regress to a primitive state. Free from the rules and structures of civilisation and society, the boys split into factions - some attempting to maintain order and achieve common goals; others seeking anarchy and violence. The novel is based on Golding’s experienceRead MoreThe Struggle for Power and Authority1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthat indwell mankind. The two novels Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies both have main characters that uniquely manifest these attributes. Napoleon and Jack approach discipline in a dictorial manner by using intimidation, propaganda and fear while Snowball and Ralph apply a more democratic method when dealing with the animals. Napoleon and Snowball have different techniques and values on how leadership in life should be conducted. This is also true in Lord of the Flies in the conflict between RalphRead MoreCivility Vs. Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† written by William Golding the novels main theme was civility versus savagery. The novel is about school boys who get stranded in an island because the airplane the boys were in was shot down. The only adult who was the pilot died so the boys had to learn how to survive without any adults. The schoolboys were aged ranged from 6 to 12 and since there is no adult supervision the boys vote for a leader which causes conflict with two boys. Things begin to get out of handRead MoreAllegory and Symbols in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the F lies is a novel hardly definable that bounders among many genres. Though we may find typical characteristics of adventure, dystopian or religious fiction, the dealing of symbols turn this as a potentially allegorical novel which can be studied and interpreted through different visions and perspectives. Characters and objects resemble behaviors, historical processes, personality styles and emotions. The narrator found in these the â€Å"objective correlative† to evoke different emotionsRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Marxist Reading of Lord of the Flies Lead to a Fuller Understanding of the Novel?1888 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent does a Marxist reading of ‘Lord of the Flies’ lead to a fuller understanding of the novel? ‘Lord of the Flies’ is based almost entirely on Golding’s view that evil is an inherent force in every man, â€Å"man produces evil as a bee produces honey†. Golding acquired this belief while he was a soldier in the Second World War. From that point on, he became extremely pessimistic about human nature, calling it â€Å"the disease of being human†. This belief is shown very clearly, as he puts ‘innocent’Read MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding, And Brave New World1870 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferences and new ways to find the solution. In the dystopian novels, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, and Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, there is a similarity in the theme of civilization and savagery, and a difference in the theme of choosing happiness over the truth. These similarities provide common ideas between the novels, while the differences give readers a new perspective and additional insight on a topic. The novels have a common theme of the clear divide between the

Qualitative Domestic Violence in Australia for Criminology Area

Question: Discuss about theQualitative Domestic Violence in Australia for Criminology Area. Answer: Introduction The Family Act 1975 defines domestic violence in Australia being a behaviour of a person threatening to control or coerce members of family to be fearful(Livingston, 2011). The act primarily refers to violence amongst people having or have had intimate relationship in domestic setting. Most prevalent form of domestic violence is of men against female partners and also extends to include same-sex relationships. States legislations sometimes applies broader concepts to include more types of violence, as in Victoria it is referred to as family violence. The scope of this study analyses qualitatively parliamentary publication of Mitchell (2011) Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. The scope of this journal evaluates to find correlation between sale of alcohol with that domestic abuse cases. The reseacrh was udnertaken as a social rescherch program for Federal Government. Research Aims and Questions Domestic violence is a grave criminal offence and is often under reported or avoided. The scope of this article primary conducts a correlation between alcohol density and rates of domestic violence in Australia(Hennink, 2010). The scope of the above article evaluates the following research aims and questions pertaining to the topic. Research Aim 1: To understand the meaning of domestic violence and its types prevalence across various parts of the country Research Aim 2: To analyse the risk factors associated with domestic violence, especially use of alcohol and other drugs Research Aim 3: To evaluate various risk groups facing violence Research Aim 4: To analyse cases that are reported to police for seeking help Research Aim 5: To action taken by police to resolve cases In order to answer the above research aims the following questions has to be answered(Taylor, 2015). Research Question 1: What are the various definitions of domestic violence used across Australia? Research Question 2: What are the prevalent types of domestic violence? Research Question 3: Who are the risk groups facing domestic violence? Research Question 4: How many cases of domestic violence are reported to police? Research Question 5: What is the action taken by police to resolve cases reported of domestic violence? Qualitative Method evaluation The journal is an integral paper that understands the correlation between liquor license rate, reports made to police authorities in a given area with that of domestic violence rate from local police data. The author of the paper has adopted qualitative methods of evaluation by collection of data from various parts of Australia(Tracy, 2012). Subjective data was appropriate and used for the purpose of the study to draw correlation between variables proposed. The scholar mostly adopted data collection from metropolitan areas of Australia. The article conducts research in area that had not been attempted earlier in Australia. The scholar adopted participant observation. The participants in the observation comprised mainly of mixed characteristics of Aboriginals and other Australians(Lewis, 2015). Though the observation had been conducted across specific post codes only but it was suited for the specific study as reported incidence to police at these post codes were higher compared to ot her regions. Each participant was well-suited for the purpose of data collection as data obtained was specific. Participant observation method is appropriate for the purpose of collecting data from naturally occurring behaviour from usual context(Neuman, 2013). The participants differed culturally from one another and varied types of data was collected for this purpose. Once the scholar had collected varied types of data from participants, it was further analysed qualitatively to arrive at findings related to the study. The scholar made use of inductive techniques along with proper reasoning to arrive at findings related to the study(Liamputtong, 2009). Critical Evaluation and Analysing success of the Publication Australian women up to 16% experiences some or the other type of partner violence revealed by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) as a part of the Personal Safety Study (PSS). Though there has been a declining trend compare to last year but one in every six women experienced physical violence by a partner compared to one in seventeen ratio for men(Ellsberg, 2008). Study conducted with cross-sectional data to find correlation between liquor outlet density and domestic violence rates provides positive relationship. Domestic violence risk cases being widely spread across Australia reveals that heavy episodic drinking almost doubles the rates of domestic violence. Participants observation reflects that individuals, who reported cases of violence were engaged in heavy episodic drinking. Incidence associated with heavy drinking was nearly six times and resulted in psychological, emotional and physical injury. Heavy drinking was associated with coercive control exerting behaviour over int imate partner. Threats in such cases can range from isolation, financial, emotional or behavioral control. Alcohol implicated partner violence depicts that alcohol purchased was within 500m to 10 km of the location. Most sales of these alcohols were purchased from supermarkets or other licensed packaged outlets. Drugs and use of other substances also potentially affected increased rates of abuse in family(Wendt, 2009). When the complex concept of violence is understood it resulted in identification of manifestation of interaction between family and intimate relationship. Victims of such violence are women, men and children with offenders being individual perpetrators. Longitudinal study conducted by the scholar reflects similar trends across growing experience of violence. Three most coercive behaviours that were outcomes related to high or hazardous levels of alcohol drinking reflects offenders to shout or swear, possessive or jealous and makes use of provocative arguments. The scholar made use of cross-sectional time-series aggregated data from post codes to study relationship between d omestic violence and alcohol outlet density using fixed-effects model. Alcohol outlet density was measured from three different types of outlet as on-premise, packaged liquor, and hotel or pub related consumption. The study concluded that there was high levels of association between domestic violence and alcohol outlet density in Melbourne. Limitations of the study Though the study aimed at evaluating several parameters related to domestic violence and establishes the same, yet it has been effectively able to establish correlation with sale of alcohol density only. Hence the study has encountered several limitations as given below; The scholar has examined post codes from Metropolitan areas alone whereas cases of domestic violence are high in Victoria and South Wales. Apart from alcohol abuse, there are several factors associated with domestic violence but none of the factors have been taken into consideration. Only data pertaining Melbourne and those obtained from police had been taken into consideration. The study has not considered any exclusion of reporting associated with domestic violence cases across Australia. Reference Lists Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H.A., Heise, L., Watts, C.H. and Garcia-Moreno, C., 2008. Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study.The Lancet,371(9619), pp.1165-1172. Hennink, M. H. (2010). Qualitative research methods. Sage. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475. Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitative research methods. Livingston, M. (2011). A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and domestic violence. Addiction, 106(5), 919-925. Mitchell, L. (2011). Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Pearson education. Taylor, S. J. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Tracy, S. J. (2012). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley Sons. Wendt, S. C. (2009). Domestic violence in rural Australia.

Ipv4 Vs. Ipv6 Essays - Internet Protocol, IPv6, IP Address, IPv4

Ipv4 Vs. Ipv6 Evan Gilden 2/12/01 CIT/TCT 120 Ipv4 vs. Ipv6 Ipv4 is short Internet Protocol Version 4, the same goes for Ipv6. Most of todays internet uses Ipv4 witch is almost 20 years old. There has been one magor problem with Ipv4, it is running out of IP addresses (IP addresses are a unique identifirer for a computer on the internet). Ipv6 fixes this problem along with many other more insugnificant problems. Ipv6 also adds many iprovments to Ipv4 in ares such as routing and network autoconfiguration. Ipv6 is supposed to replace Ipv4 in a gradually time frame, with the two coexisting for many years. A Ipv4 address looks like this 10.1.1.1 and a Ipv6 address looks like this FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210. Ipv6 supports addresses which are four times the number of bits as Ipv4 addresses (128 vs. 32). This is 4 Billion times 4 Billion times 4 Billion (2^^96) times the size of the Ipv4 address space (2^^32). This works out to be: 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 This is an extremely large address space. In a theoretical sense this is approximately 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 addresses per square meter of the surface of the planet Earth (assuming the earth surface is 511,263,971,197,990 square meters). Security more to Ipv6s superiority. Encrypting along with authentication are excelent features of Ipv6 that Ipv4 couldnt offer, and offers security headers. IPv6 also allows a sender and a receiver to establish a high-quality, high-bandwith secure pathbetween each other. Computers Essays

Arab-Israeli Conflict Essays - Zionism, Land Of Israel, Free Essays

Arab-Israeli Conflict Essays - Zionism, Land Of Israel, Free Essays Arab-Israeli Conflict The Arab-Israeli conflict came about from the notion of Political Zionism. Zionism is the belief that Jews constitute a nation (or a people) and that they deserve the right to return to what they consider to be their ancestral home, land of Israel (or Palestine). Political Zionism, the belief that Jews should establish a state for themselves in Palestine, was a revolutionary idea for the 19th Century. During World War I, Jews supported countries that constituted the Central Powers because they detested the tyranny of czarist Russia. Both the Allies and Central Powers needed Jewish support, but Germany could not espouse Zionism due to its ties with the Ottoman Empire, which still controlled Palestine. British Prime Minister Lloyd George & Foreign Secretary Lord Balfour, favored Zionism and supported their cause in a letter that became known as the Balfour Declaration, ensuring that the British government would control Palestine after the war with a commitment to build the Jewish national home there, promising only to work for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine and not harm the civil and religious rights of Palestine?s "existing non-Jewish communities". After the Great War, Britain?s Forces jointly occupied the area known as Palestine with Faysal?s (Iraq) Arab army. The British set up a provisional military government in Jerusalem that soon became a struggle between Jewish settlers and the Arab inhabitants. In April 1920, the Palestinian Arabs revolted, killing Jews and damaging property, opening the Arab nationalist revolution in Palestine. The League of Nations awarded the Palestine mandate in 1922, charging Britain with carrying out the Balfour Declaration, encouraging Jewish migration to Palestine and help create the Jewish "national home". But the Arabs suspected the British mandate would hold them in colonial bondage until the Jews achieved a majority in Palestine. Winston Churchill issued a white paper denying that the British government meant to give preferential treatment to Jews with a proviso for restricting Jewish immigration to conform with Palestine?s "absorptive capacity". Another action that seemed to violate the mandate was the creation of the Emirate of Transjordan, removing two-thirds of Palestine that lay east of the Jordan River from the area in which Jews could develop their national home, claiming the partition was only temporary. During the first civilian governor of Palestine, it looked as if Jewish-Arab differences would be resolved when more Jews emigrated out of Palestine than immigrated and with the presence of a complementary relationship among the two peoples, but the hopes dissipated during the 1929 "Wailing Wall Incident". The Wailing Wall (a.k.a. the Western Wall) is a remnant of the second Jewish Temple, symbolizing the hope that one day the Temple will be rebuilt and the ancient Jewish rituals revived; but the Wall also forms a part of the enclosure surrounding the Temple Mount, which the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa mosque stand atop; Muslims feared that Jewish actions before the Western Wall could lead to their pressing a claim to the historic site. In 1928, Jewish worshipers brought some benches to sit on. The police took them away several times, but the Jews kept putting them back. To Muslims, this activity was an attempt by the Jews to strengthen their claims to the Wall and retaliated by running a highway past it to distract the worshipers. Several fights broke out that escalated into a small civil war. Arabs perpetrated massacres in other places in Palestine. The British constabulary was inadequate and Britain sent a commission of inquiry; later issuing a report that justified the Arab position. The colonial secretary, Lord Passfield, placed blame on the Jewish Agency and the Zionists, and Britain tightened restrictions on Jewish immigration. Due to domestic embarrassment, the British government issued a letter explaining away the Passfield condemnation, hardly appeasing the Zionists, but angering the Arabs. As Arab animosity increased, the Arab Higher Committee in Palestine called for a general strike, paralyzing the country for several months. The British sent another commission of inquiry, headed by Lord Peel, which recommended partition, giving a small area of northern and central Palestine to the Jews, while leaving the most to Arabs. But the Palestine Arabs opposed the partition, fearing its? acceptance would be a step toward their loss of Palestine. Britain scaled

Biography of Bessie Blount, American Inventor

Biography of Bessie Blount, American Inventor Bessie Blount (November 24, 1914–December 30, 2009) was an American physical therapist, forensic scientist, and inventor. While working with injured soldiers after World War II, she developed a device that allowed amputees to feed themselves; it delivered one mouthful of food at a time to patients whenever they bit down on a tube. Griffin later invented a receptacle that was a simpler and smaller version of the same, designed to be worn around a patients neck. Fast Facts: Bessie Blount Known For: While working as a physical therapist, Blount invented assistive devices for amputees; she later made contributions to the field of forensic science.Also Known As: Bessie Blount GriffinBorn: November 24, 1914 in Hickory, VirginiaDied: December 30, 2009 in Newfield, New JerseyEducation: Panzer College  of Physical Education and Hygiene (now Montclair State University)Awards and Honors: Virginia Women in History Honoree Early Life Bessie Blount was born in Hickory, Virginia, on November 24, 1914. She received her primary education at Diggs Chapel Elementary School, an institution that served African-Americans. However, a lack of public resources forced her to end her education before she had completed middle school. Blounts family then moved from Virginia to New Jersey. There, Blount taught herself the material required to earn her GED. In Newark, she studied to be a nurse at Community Kennedy Memorial Hospital. She went on to study at the Panzer College of Physical Education (now Montclair State University) and became a certified physical therapist. Physical Therapy After finishing her training, Blount began working as a physical therapist at the Bronx Hospital in New York. Many of her patients were soldiers who had been wounded during World War II. Their injuries, in some cases, prevented them from performing basic tasks, and Blounts job was to help them learn new ways to do these things using their feet or teeth. Such work was not only physical rehabilitation; its goal was also to help veterans regain their independence and sense of control. Inventions Blounts patients faced numerous challenges, and one of the biggest was finding and developing new ways to eat on their own. For many amputees, this was especially difficult. To help them, Blount invented a device that delivered one bite of food at a time through a tube. Each bite was released when the patient bit down on the tube. This invention allowed amputees and other injured patients to eat without assistance from a nurse. Despite its usefulness, Blount was unable to successfully market her invention, and she found no support from the United States Veterans Administration. She later donated the patent rights to her self-feeding device to the French government. The French put the device to good use, making life much easier for many war veterans. Later, when asked why she gave away the device for free, Blount said she wasnt interested in money; she simply wanted to prove that black women were capable of more than [nursing] babies and [cleaning] toilets. Blount continued to search for new ways to improve the lives of her patients. Her next invention was a portable receptacle support, which hung around the neck and allowed patients to hold objects near their face. The device was designed to hold a cup or a bowl, from which patients could sip using a straw. In 1951, Blount officially received a patent for her self-feeding device; it was filed under her married name, Bessie Blount Griffin. In 1953, she became the first woman and the first African-American to appear on the television show The Big Idea, where she exhibited some of her inventions. While working as a physical therapist for Theodore Miller Edison, the son of inventor Thomas Edison, Blount developed a design for a disposable emesis basin (the receptacle used to collect bodily fluids and waste in hospitals). Blount used a combination of newspaper, flour, and water to produce a material similar to papier-mache. With this, she made her first disposable emesis basins, which would have saved hospital workers from having to clean and sanitize the stainless steel basins used at the time. Once again, Blount presented her invention to the Veterans Administration, but the group had no interest in her design. Blount patented the invention and sold the rights to a medical supplies company in Belgium instead. Her disposable emesis basin is still used in Belgian hospitals today. Forensic Science Blount eventually retired from physical therapy. In 1969, she began working as a forensic scientist, assisting law enforcement officers in New Jersey and Virginia. Her main role was to translate the academic findings of forensic science research into practical guidelines and tools for officers on the ground. Over the course of her career, she became interested in the relationship between handwriting and human health; Blount had observed that writing- a fine-motor skill- could be affected by different forms of disease, including dementia and Alzheimers. Her inquiries into this area led her to publish a groundbreaking paper on medical graphology. Soon Blount was in high demand for her expertise in this emerging field. During the 1970s, she assisted police departments across New Jersey and Virginia, and she even served for a time as a chief examiner. In 1977, she was invited to London to assist British police with handwriting analysis. Blount became the first African-American woman to work for Scotland Yard. Death Blount died in Newfield, New Jersey, on December 30, 2009. She was 95 years old. Legacy Blount made major contributions in both the medical and forensic science fields. She is best remembered for the assistive devices she invented as a physical therapist and for her innovative work in graphology. Sources Inventors and Inventions. Marshall Cavendish, 2008.McNeill, Leila. The Woman Who Made a Device to Help Disabled Veterans Feed Themselves-and Gave It Away for Free. Smithsonian Institution, 17 Oct. 2018.Morrison, Heather S. Inventors of Health and Medical Technology. Cavendish Square, 2016.Overlooked No More: Bessie Blount, Nurse, Wartime Inventor and Handwriting Expert.The New York Times, 28 Mar. 2019.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to compare growing up in a single parent family vs. a two parent family. The biggest victims in a divorce scenario are the children. The younger the children are the more impacted they are by a divorce. When two parents get divorce they are supposed to jointly care for the children. The wife typically gets custody of the children with the father having privileges of visiting or staying with the kids during weekends. Children that are raised in a single parent family suffer from more emotional stress than dual parent homes. They do not get the chance to have two parents to rely on at all times. The financial resources of single parent families are lower than in two parent families. It is common knowledge that having more financial resources increases the quality of life of a family. Money does not buy happiness, but it enables the parents to buy clothes, food, medicine, toys, and entertainment for the children. Due to the lower financial resources of singl e parent families the home or apartment they live in are inferior in terms of space and quality of neighborhood. There are some advantages to living in a single parent scenario. The children in these situations usually become more independent. They also may enjoy the love of two additional step parents and step siblings.

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust Essay

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust - Essay Example Photographs are taken for identification of events, people, things and many other aspects (Goldberg 1991). Photographs are also thought to be a source of evidence for various purposes. With computer manipulation and editing of photographs for personal reasons, photography is not more considered as an evidence for reality. It is considered fake and somewhat containing lies (Brand, et.al 1985). With digital photography, the art of photo manipulation has become more easy and uncomplicated. The photographs that are captured digitally are stored in the computer in form of digital data (Brand, et.al 1985). This digital data can easily be edited and manipulated intentionally or unintentionally. In the market, there are various software programs available that offer the computerized manipulation of photographs. The computer manipulation of photographs is not considered illegal and people, media and other institutions employ the software programs for manipulating images according to their own requirements without any legal threat. We can take many examples of photographs as evidence. For a passport or identity card, photographs are required. Passports or identity cards are used for identifying a person with the help of his given photograph and concerning details. If the photograph is manipulated technologically with the help of the computer, it will give an edited version of the real person, which cannot be considered as wholly true. Passport or identity cards are sources of evidence of a person’s real identification but if the photographs attached with the identification cards are manipulated, no trust will be there. Before computer manipulation, trust in photographs as a form of evidence was there but after, technological development and launch of different software programs related to computer manipulation, people are being led towards distrusting the evidence of photographs (Goldberg 1991).

Raghunath Prasad CASE Essay Example for Free

Raghunath Prasad CASE Essay Father and son equal owners of a vast joint family property – both quarrelled over it – Father instituted criminal proceedings against the son – In order to defend himself, the son borrowed money from the plaintiff at 24% compound interest and mortgaged his properties – In eleven years, the amount payable magnified more than eleven fold – Defendant contended that plaintiff/lender taking unconscionable advantage of his mental distress and exercised undue influence defendant failed to prove that the lender was in a position to dominate his will – Borrower got no relief. However, no presumption of undue influence in following cases and burden of proof lies on the party claiming as such 1. Landlord and tenant 2. Creditor and debtor 3. Husband and wife 1. This is an appeal from a decree, dated November 9, 1920, of the High Court of Judicature at Patna, which varied a decree, dated September 25, 1917, of the Subordinate Judge of Arrah. 2. The suit is for recovery of the amount of principal and interest due by the appellant to the respondents (the plaintiffs) under a mortgage of late May 27, 1910. The Subordinate Judge gave decree in the mortgage suit but only allowed simple interest. The High Court allowed compound interest. 3. The substantial question raised on the appeal is whether the appellant, in the circumstances proved in the case, fell within the protective provisions of Section 2 of the Indian Contract (Amendment) Act, 1899. It may be convenient to set that section out in full: 2. Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, is hereby repealed, and the following is substituted therefor, namely: 16.(1) A contract is said to be induced by undue influence where the relations subsisting between the parties are such that one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the other. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing principle, a person is deemed to be in a position to dominate the will of another: (a) where he holds a real or apparent authority over the other, or where he stands in a fiduciary relation to the other; or (b) where he makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected by reason of age,  illness, or mental or bodily distress. (3) Where a person who is in a position to dominate the will of another, enters into a contract with him, and the transaction appears, on the face of it or on the evidence adduced, to be unconscionable, the burden of proving that such contract was not induced by undue influence shall lie upon the person in a position to dominate the will of the other Nothing in this sub-section shall affect the provisions of Section 111 of the of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 4. It is in the view of the Board by that section that the question arising between th ese parties falls to be settled, and not by reference to the legislation of other countries, e. g., the English Moneylenders Act. The statute to be here construed is the Indian Contract Act as amended. It is accompanied with danger to invoke as authority in an Indian case expressions which merely connote the principles which underlie a particular English statute, and form a guide to its interpretation. As will be seen this general observation is required by reason of the citation of certain authorities alluded to in the judgment of the Subordinate Judge and referred to in the argument before their Lordships Board. 5. The appellant is a member of a joint undivided family owning a property of considerable value, including inter alia, 186 villages, assessed to revenue for about Rs. 17,000 annum. 6. The mortgage is dated May 27, 1910. It is for the sum of Rs. 9,999 borrowed from the plaintiffs. The rate of interest is covered by the following provision: I, the declarant, do promise that I shall pay interest on the said debt at the rate of 2 per cent, per mensem on the 30th Jeth of each year. In case of non-payment of the annual interest, the interest will be taken as principal and interest will run thereon at the rate of 2 per cent, par mensem, that is, interest will be calculated on the principle of compound interest. 7. There can be no question that these terms were high: if payment was not made the sum due on the mortgage would speedily mount up. By the decree of the High Court which was pronounced on November 9, 1920, it is seen that the original debt of Rs. 10,000 had reached, with interest and costs calculated up to May 8, 1921, more than a lac of rupees, viz., Rs. 1,12,885. In eleven years the stipulation for interest at 24 per cent, compound had magnified the sum covered by the mortgage more than elevenfold. It is upon these facts, coupled with one other about to be mentioned, that the appellant takes his stand. 8. The statement in the defence admits that at the time of  the execution of the mortgage the defendant was owner of one half of a valuable joint famil y property. The owner of the other half was his father. Father and son had quarrelled. Serious allegations are made by the son against the father; whereas it appears that the father had instituted criminal proceedings against the son. Shortly before the date of the mortgage the defendant had borrowed Rs. 1,000 from the plaintiffs so as to enable him to defend himself in these criminal proceedings. It is alleged that they caused him great mental distress, and that he required more money to conduct his litigations. That is the story. 9. Evidence was taken in the case. It is sufficient to say that the defendants gave no evidence at all. It is quite plain that no Court can accept a story thus unproved by its author as establishing a case either of mental distress or of undue influence under the Indian Contract Act. The only case which the appellant has is the case derived from the contents of the mortgage itself. 10. It is argued with force that these are unconscionable, and that it is the duty of the Court in India to step in either to rescind the contract or to rectify the bargain. It was the latter course which was argued for in the present case. In support of this argument much reliance was placed upon the judgment pronounced by Lord Davey in Dhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh. (1906) L.R. 33 I.A. 118, s.c. 9 Bom. L.R. 304, 306. 11. Before, however, addressing themselves to the authorities cited their Lordships think it desirable to make clear their views upon, in particular, Sub-section 3 of Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act as amended. By this sub-section three matters are dealt with. In the first place the relations between the parties to each other must he such that one is in a position to dominate the will of the other. Once that position is substantiated the second stage has been reached, viz., the issue whether the contract has been induced by undue influence. Upon the determination of this issue a third point emerges, which is that of the onus probandi. The burden of proving that the contract was not induced by undue influence is to lie upon the person who was in a position to dominate the will of the other. 12. Error is almost sure to arise if the order of these propositions be changed. The unconscionableness of the bargain is not the first thing to be considered. The first thing to be considered is the relations of these parties. Were they such as to put one in a position to dominate the will of the other? Having this distinction  and order in view the authorities appear to their Lordships to be easily properly interpreted. 13. In the judgment of this Board in Dhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh, (1906) L.R. 33 I.A. 118. the outstanding effect was that the borrower who mortgaged the estate was actually, at the date of the transaction, under the control of the Court of Wards. He was treated, to use the language of Lord Davey, as under a peculiar disability and placed in a position of helplessness, and the lender was proved to have been aware of that and, therefore, in a position to dominate the borrowers will. Lord Davey thus expressed the Boards view (p. 126): Their Lordships are of opinion that although the respondent was left free to contract debt, yet he was under a peculiar disability and placed in a position of helplessness by the fact of his estate being under the control of the Court of Wards, and they must assume that Auseri Lal, who had known the respondent for some fifty years, was aware of it. They are therefore of opinion that the position of the parties was such that Auseri Lal was in a position to dominate the will of the respondent within the meaning of the amended Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act. It remains to be seen whether Auseri Lal used that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the respondent. 14. This case was followed in terms in the case of Maneshar Bakhsh Singh v. Shadi Lal (1909) L.R. 36 I.A. 96; in which the bond in suit was given by a talukdar in Oudh without the knowledge and consent of the Court of Wards after his estate had been placed under it. In these circumstances the former case was followed, and Lord Collins expressed the opinion of the Board to be that they are satisfied that in this case also the borrower was placed in such a condition of helplessness that the lender was in a position to dominate his will, and that he used that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the appelant. 15. It is sufficient to say that the borrower in the present case was sui juris, had the full power of bargaining and of burdening his estate, that his estate was not under the Court of Wards and that he lay under no disability. With regard to his helplessness nothing whatsoever is proved in the case except the bare fact that he being a man of wealth as owner of one-half of certain joint family property wished to obtain and did obtain certain monies on loan. The only relation between the parties that was proved was simply that they were  lender and borrower. 16. It is an entire mistake to represent the decisions of this Board as being wanting in light upon the last mentioned case. For in Sundar Koer v. Sham Krishen (1906) L.R. 34 I. A, 9, 16, the exact point was referred to by Lord Davey in the course of the judgment read by him (p. 16): There is no evidence of any actual exercise of undue influence by the mortgagees or of any special circumstances from which an inference of undue influence could be legitimately drawn, except that the mortgagor was in urgent need of money. The learned counsel for the appellant argued that the mortgagees wore thereby placed in a position to dominate the will of the mortgagor, and cited a recent decision of this BoardDhanipal Das v. Raja Maneshar Bakhsh Singh. In that case, however, the borrower was a disqualified proprietor under the Oudh Land Revenue Act, 1870, and his estate was under the management of the Court of Wards, and it was on that ground that their Lordships held that the borrower was under a peculiar disability, and the position of the parties was such that the lender was in a position to dominate his will. There is nothing of that kind in the present case, and their Lordships are not prepared to hold that urgent need of money on the part of the boriower will of itself place the parties in that position. 17. This precisely fits the situation of these parties. It has not been proved,it might be said that it has not even been attempted to be proved,that the lender was in a position to dominate the will of the borrower. 18. In these circumstances, even though the bargain had been unconscionable (and it has the appearance of being so) a remedy under the Indian Contract Act does not come into view until the initial fact of a position to dominate the will has been established. Once that fact is established, then the unconscionable nature of the bargain and the burden of proof on the issue of undue influence come into operation. In the present case, for the reasons stated, these stages are not reached. 19. Their Lordships think it right to observe that the judgment now pronounced is not in accord with the principles laid down by the Appellate Civil Court of Calcutta in Abdul Majeed v. Khirode Chandra Pal (1914) I.L.R. 42 Cal. 690. that where there is ample security, the exaction of excessiv e and usurious interest, in itself raises a presumption of undue influence which it  requires very little evidence to substantiate. Their Lordships think this decision to be wrong. There is no such presumption until the question has first been settled as to the lender being in a position to dominate the borrowers will. Their Lordships are further of opinion with reference to the citation of Smuel v. Newbold [1906] A.C. 461., that that case does not form any authority in the construction of the Indian Contract Act. The case was determined under the Moneylenders Act, 1900, as it expressly bears. The issue was thus stated by Lord Macnaghten (p. 468): It seems to me that the construction of the Moneylenders Act, 1900, is plain enough, and that the evidence before your Lordships is more than sufficient to show that this case is within the mischief which the Act was designed to remedy. 20. In the view of the Board cases of that character form no precedent for a decision of the present appeal which is rested on another and very differently worded statute. 21. Their Lordships are of opinion that the decree of the High Court should be varied by allowing compound interest on the principal at the rate of two per cent, per mensem from the date of the execution of the bond until September 25, 1917, and thereafter simple interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum up to the date of realization, and that in other respects the decree of the High Court should be affirmed, and they will humbly advise His Majesty accordingly. 22. The appellants will pay the costs of the appeal.

Glorious Sceptre :: essays research papers

The Immortal Sceptre Within the Iliad Homer portrays through association and symbolism the sceptre as a representation of divine power. Agamemnon is the nominal owner of this sceptre, on which much emphasis is placed in the early stages of the poem. This relic, a sceptre once owned by Zeus, has a kingly and divine past and, as a result, is a symbol of authority, power, and recognition within the kingdom of Greece. Homer’s discussion of the sceptre in Books I and II serves to elucidate these characteristics of the sceptre. In the earlier stages of book II, Homer establishes the godly and noble history of the sceptre. Through a slight digression in the story line, Homer gives the reader a brief overview of its former owners: "Hephaistus gave it to Zeus the king, the son of Kronos, and Zeus in turn gave it to the courier Argeiphontes, and lord Hermes gave it to Pelops, driver of horses, and Pelops again gave it to Atreus, the shepherd of the people. Atreus dying left it Thyestes of the rich flocks, and Thyestes left it in turn to Agamemnon to carry and to be lord of many islands over all Argos. (II, 102-109)" In naming Hephaistus, Zeus, Hermes, and the kings of Mycenae, Homer describes a legacy that enhances the sceptre’s image as a token of influence and power. Moreover, it is important to note that the sceptre was not conceived by a mortal, but rather by Hephaistus. Using the wood from a living tree in the mountains, he constructed an immortal device for Zeus. Hephaistus’ creation of the sceptre both bolsters the notion of the sceptre’s divinity, and strengthens its image as a symbol of influence and recognition. In Book I of the poem, Achilles takes oath upon the sceptre. In his oath, Achilles states his intent to withdraw from the army and swears that the Achaians will one day regret their irreverence. However, before anything is sworn, Homer has Achilles describe the sceptre by stating that it "never again will bear leaf nor branch, now that it has left behind the cut stump in the mountains, nor shall it ever blossom again, since the bronze blade stripped bark and leafage" (I, 233-237). Achilles emphasizes the sceptre’s imperishability and endurance as a symbol. Lacking life and therefore lacking the prospect of death, the sceptre is, in a sense, immortal, giving reason for its divine connotations. Glorious Sceptre :: essays research papers The Immortal Sceptre Within the Iliad Homer portrays through association and symbolism the sceptre as a representation of divine power. Agamemnon is the nominal owner of this sceptre, on which much emphasis is placed in the early stages of the poem. This relic, a sceptre once owned by Zeus, has a kingly and divine past and, as a result, is a symbol of authority, power, and recognition within the kingdom of Greece. Homer’s discussion of the sceptre in Books I and II serves to elucidate these characteristics of the sceptre. In the earlier stages of book II, Homer establishes the godly and noble history of the sceptre. Through a slight digression in the story line, Homer gives the reader a brief overview of its former owners: "Hephaistus gave it to Zeus the king, the son of Kronos, and Zeus in turn gave it to the courier Argeiphontes, and lord Hermes gave it to Pelops, driver of horses, and Pelops again gave it to Atreus, the shepherd of the people. Atreus dying left it Thyestes of the rich flocks, and Thyestes left it in turn to Agamemnon to carry and to be lord of many islands over all Argos. (II, 102-109)" In naming Hephaistus, Zeus, Hermes, and the kings of Mycenae, Homer describes a legacy that enhances the sceptre’s image as a token of influence and power. Moreover, it is important to note that the sceptre was not conceived by a mortal, but rather by Hephaistus. Using the wood from a living tree in the mountains, he constructed an immortal device for Zeus. Hephaistus’ creation of the sceptre both bolsters the notion of the sceptre’s divinity, and strengthens its image as a symbol of influence and recognition. In Book I of the poem, Achilles takes oath upon the sceptre. In his oath, Achilles states his intent to withdraw from the army and swears that the Achaians will one day regret their irreverence. However, before anything is sworn, Homer has Achilles describe the sceptre by stating that it "never again will bear leaf nor branch, now that it has left behind the cut stump in the mountains, nor shall it ever blossom again, since the bronze blade stripped bark and leafage" (I, 233-237). Achilles emphasizes the sceptre’s imperishability and endurance as a symbol. Lacking life and therefore lacking the prospect of death, the sceptre is, in a sense, immortal, giving reason for its divine connotations.

The Winter Olympics

The Winter Olympic Games is an international event that features various winter sports disciplines. This year, it will be hosted in Socio, Russia, which is costal to the prominent Black Sea. These competitions are scheduled to take place between February 7th and February 23rd, 2014. With more than the estimated 2,800 athletes participating, and approximately ninety-eight events, It Is sure to be exciting. However, It seems that many people are uncomfortable with the 22nd Winter Olympics being hosted in Russia. Many are concerned about the security Issues and fatty.London Reed expressed that â€Å"It's not safe at all†, and many agree with him. â€Å"Vive seen on CNN that fifty-seven percent agree that It's not safe†, said Reed. He Insists that terrorism activities are extremely possible. Another two persons retorted the same. Land's brother, Jack Reed had a negative overall view for Russia. When asked his thoughts on the Winter Olympics he responded, â€Å"As beautiful as the events are, Its dangerous†. He too was knowledgeable about the terrorist threats. Reed gave a brief history lesson. He explained, â€Å"The threats today are threats due to an Islamic LOL war.He also mentioned that Austrian competitors have already received threats. Furthermore, the American government insists that persons not represent their flag to avoid being a target. Yet, according to some people and news blobs, the 22nd Winter Olympics will be secured. It is said that 40,000 police will be operating in the Socio region. This will be double the amount on duty during the London Olympics. There are also much more security measures implemented to ensure a safe successful competition. But of course, its almost impossible to guarantee absolute safety. Let the games begin?

Ielts Homework

l1. Look at the list of energy sources and answer the questions below. Wood Wind Water Nuclear Coal Human power Animals Gas Oil a. How has one had an impact on human history? b. Which sources do you think have a future? c. What other sources are there? 2. Look at the diagram and answer the questions a and b. a. What does the diagram show? b. What types of words are needed to label the diagram? Make some predictions. 3.Label the diagram using no more than TWO words from the passage below for each blank space. Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine was one of the first devices to use the power of steam for mechanical work. It was originally used to pump water from mines. A boiler, encased in brick and sitting over a coal fire, generated steam, which drove the piston in the open top cylinder above the boiler. When the steam built up, the pressure opened a value allowing the steam to fill the cylinder and push the piston up.When the piston reached the top of the cylinder, the first valve was closed and the second valve opened. This second valve sprayed cold water into the cylinder from a cistern, condensing the steam and creating a vacuum. The air pressure from the open-top cylinder pushed the piston down again, thus pulling the rod down with it. The cycle then repeated itself all over again. 4. Decide if the following sentences about machines are true or false. Use a dictionary to help you. a. Read also  Homework Solutions – Chapter 3A washing machine contains a pump and motor. b. An air conditioning unit contains a coin and a fan. c. A photocopier has various components, including rollers and a piston. d. A filter and a tube can be found in a television. e. A lever and a spring are component parts of a toaster. f. A valve and a switch can be found in an aerosol spray. g. Inside a hoover, there is a filter and rotating brushes. 5. Name one object for each of the following components. Battery Axle Blade Handle Lens Turbine Switch

Henry David Thoreaus Walden Quotes

Henry David Thoreau's 'Walden' Quotes Henry David Thoreaus Walden was published in 1854. The essay details the experiment in personal independence and self-reliance that Thoreau underwent, starting on July 4, 1845. During this period he lived on Walden Pond. Famous Quotations Let us first be as simple and well as Nature ourselves, dispel the clouds which hang over our brows, and take up a little life into our pores. Do not stay to be an overseer of the poor, but endeavor to become one of the worthies of the world. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenI had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to find that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my mind was all undusted still, and threw them out the window in disgust. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenIn any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present moment; to toe that line. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenI would rather sit on a pumpkin and have it all to myself, than be crowded on a velvet cushion. - Henry David Thoreau, 1. Economy, WaldenTo be awake is to be alive. - Henry Dav id Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, Walden A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone. - Henry David Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, WaldenI have always been regretting that I was not as wise as the day I was born. - Henry David Thoreau, 2. Where I Lived and What I Lived For, WaldenI have a great deal of company in my house; especially in the morning, when nobody calls. - Henry David Thoreau, 5. Solitude, WaldenA lake is the landscapes most beautiful and expressive feature. It is Earths eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. - Henry David Thoreau, 9. The Ponds, WaldenYou only need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns. - Henry David Thoreau, 12. Brute Neighbors, WaldenI learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a su ccess unexpected in common hours. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, Walden If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, WaldenHowever mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. - Henry David Thoreau, 18. Conclusion, Walden

Effective Praise Highlights Student Effort

Effective Praise Highlights Student Effort Praise works. In fact, educational research since the 1960s shows that students at every grade level and in every subject like to be praised for their work in the classroom. The empirical evidence from the research shows that praise can have a positive impact on both student academic learning and social behavior. Yet, as researchers Robert A. Gable, et al. note in their article Back to Basics Rules, Praise, Ignoring, and Reprimands Revisited (2009)  in the Journal of Intervention in School and Clinic, Given the documented positive effects of teacher praise, it is puzzling why so many teachers make little use of it. In determining why praise in the classroom is not used more often, Gable et al. suggest that teachers may not have had the training through peer coaching, self-monitoring, or self -evaluating and may not feel comfortable in acknowledging positive pupil behavior consistently.   Another reason may be that teachers may not know how to deliver praise that is effective. Teachers may give general praise using phrases such as, â€Å"Great work!† or â€Å"Nice job, students!† General phrases are not the most effective way for teachers to give feedback in the classroom. General phrases are directed to no one or to no skill in particular. Moreover, while these general phrases may be nice to hear, they may be too broad, and their overuse may result in becoming humdrum.  Similarly routine responses such as â€Å"Awesome!† or â€Å"Excellent!† by themselves do not inform the student what specific behaviors brought about success. Arguments against generic praise given indiscriminately have been made by education researcher Carol Dweck (2007) in her article The Perils and Promises of Praise in Educational Leadership. The wrong kind of praise creates self-defeating behavior. The right kind motivates students to learn. So, what can make praise the â€Å"right kind†? What can make praise in the classroom effective? The answer is the timing or when the teacher gives praise. The other important criteria of praise are the quality or kind of praise. When to Give Praise When a teacher uses praise to acknowledge student effort in problem-solving or in practice, make the praise more effective. Effective praise can be directed to an individual student or group of students when the teacher wants to connect praise with a particular behavior. That also means that praise should not be given for trivial accomplishments or weak efforts by students such as minor task completion or the student completing their responsibilities. In making praise effective, a teacher should explicitly note the behavior as the reason for praise in as timely a manner as possible.  The younger the student, the more immediate the praise should be. At the high school level, most students can accept delayed praise. When a teacher sees a student is making progress, the language of encouragement as praise can be effective. For example, I can see your hard work in this assignment.You have not quit even with this tough problem.Keep using your strategies! You’re making good progress!You have really grown (in these areas).I can see a difference in your work compared to yesterday. When a teacher sees a student succeed, the language of congratulatory praise may be more appropriate, such as: Congratulations! You put in the effort to succeed.Look at what you can accomplish when you do not give up.I am so proud of the effort, and you should be too, about the effort you put into this. Should students succeed easily without effort, praise can address the level of the assignment or problem. For example: This  assignment was not as challenging for you, so lets try and find something that will help you grow.  You may be ready for something more difficult, so what skills should we work on next?  It’s great that you have that down.  Ã‚  We need to raise the bar for you now. After giving praise, teachers should encourage students to take advantage of this opportunity to offer a chance for reflection So when you have another assignment or problem like this, what will you do?  Think back, what did you do that contributed to your success? Quality of Praise Praise must always be connected to a process, rather than student intelligence. That is the basis of Dwecks research in her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (2007). She showed that students who received praise for their innate intelligence with statements such as â€Å"You are so smart† exhibited a â€Å"fixed mindset. They believed that academic achievement was limited on innate ability. In contrast, students who were praised for their efforts with statements such as â€Å"Your argument is very clear† exhibited a growth mindset and believed in academic achievement through effort and learning. Thus, we found that praise for intelligence tended to put students in a fixed mind-set (intelligence is fixed, and you have it), whereas praise for effort tended to put them in a growth mind-set (youre developing these skills because youre working hard). Of the two types of praise, Dweck notes, praise for student  effort such as â€Å"All that hard work and effort in completing the project paid off!† improves student motivation. One caution in praising, however, is to Make sure teachers are careful not to be inauthentic to inflate praise for students with low self-esteem. Critics have raised questions about the legitimacy of classroom praise, as rewarding trivial accomplishments or weak efforts. There may be some schools that do not support the use of evidence-based practices such as teacher praise. Additionally, at the secondary level, praise may also be received by students as drawing unwanted attention to an accomplishment. Regardless, there is no evidence to suggest that effective praise has a negative effect on students. Instead, effective praise can provide students with the kind of positive reinforcement that builds on success, motivates them to learn, and increases their participation in class. Steps to Effective Praise Notice effort by the student(s).Make eye contact with the student(s).Smile. Be sincere and enthusiastic.Deliver praise to students in proximity, especially at the secondary level.Prepare for praise by deciding what to say that is specific to the task.  Describe the behavior you want to reinforce telling how you feel about it with specific comments like, Your thoughts were well organized in this essay.Keep records of successful efforts and praise so you can make connections in future assignments. Finally, and most importantly, importantly, do not combine praise with criticism. To keep praise separate from criticism, avoid using the word, but immediately after a compliment. All this can make praise effective in the classroom. Effective praise can provide students with the kind of positive reinforcement that builds on success, motivates them to learn, and increases their participation in class.

Mobile Marketing Association Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile Marketing Association - Assignment Example The essay critically analyzes the MMA, how and when it was founded, its objectives, and how to handle its activities to achieve its objectives. MMA was founded through the 2003 merger between the Wireless Advertising Association (WAA) and the Wireless Marketing Association (WMA)(Haig 205). WAA was then a non – profit association based in New York while the WMA was based in the UK. Since its development, the MMA supported 10-20 member companies till 2005 when effective mobile marketing strategies began making immense meaning in the United States. In 2007, the association established two national chapters in Spain and Austria and more regional branches for the APAC and EMEA. In 2010, the board of directors appointed Greg Stuart to serve as the global CEO of the Association. Before his appointment, Greg served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Internet Advertising Bureau. The MMA has its global headquarters located in New York. Also, it has regional operational offices in Latin America (LATAM), Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA), and Asia Pacific (APAC). MMA’s local council offices are located in 17 countries the world over. Mobile marketing activities advocated by the MMA are broadly classified into messaging, advertising, mCommerce, apps and CRM. The activities span over all mobile devices, including tablets and smartphones. Mobile Marketing Association members include AdChina, American Express, Dunkin’ Brands, Colgate-Palmolive, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Facebook, Group M, Kellogg Co., Hilton Worldwide, MasterCard, L’Oreal, Microsoft, Inc. Pandora Media, and McDonalds. Additional members include Mondelez International, Proctor & Gamble, The Coca-Cola Company, R/GA, Unilever, The Weather Company, Walmart, Visa, xAd, Vodafone and Zenith Optimedia among other companies(Association 1). The MMA’s mission is anchored on four core pillars; cultivating inspiration,

Reading and answer questions 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading and answer questions 7 - Assignment Example In the developing world, the media has been instrumental in channeling the pervasive social and political disparities, as seen in the Indonesian case. The ban of press influence in the 1990s was a political move directed towards incapacitating the medias role in addressing the formidable autocratic system that was paralyzing the sectors of the economy (49). The media was a conduit addressing massive corruption, impunity, and aggression to the media apparatus by the system, in an effort to suppress their growing authority. The importance of press goes beyond a conduit of information or a catalyst for action (54). The media retains a central role in preserving and writing history; in the contemporary world, the journalists are faced with channeling information that has led to revolutions that have corrected social and political ills, as seen in Indonesia after the ban on Tempo newspaper (57). The press is a particular kind of history agent: it has led to several special moments in Malaysia, the Arab world (the recent Arab Revolution), and the political tectonic shifts in the U.K. (Secessionist Politics) that has revolutionized modern politics. Currently, the historical role has been fossilized in the names of newspapers like Times Newspapers, Voice of People, and People’s Thought, among many other globally (58). The juxtaposition of the Danish Cartoon and the Indonesian press evolution sprouts several questions about the authority of the press, and whether it is morally justifiable for the government to stem its operations. The Danish cartoon was seen as an insult to the Islamic religion, and in effect spawned widespread protests among the believers. However, the cartoonist and the media house had a different opinion: the imagery was a manifestation of freedom of expression (59). The scene breeds the question: why was the media defense so evasive and persuasive to the European audience and not others? The imagery

Cllinical Skils in haematology and bone marrow transplantion Nursing Essay

Cllinical Skils in haematology and bone marrow transplantion Nursing Module - Essay Example Although blood transfusion is an apparently acceptable treatment, this is not the final therapy for many types of anaemias, and they would need definitive therapies for those clinical indications. As a nurse, engaged in the care of such patients, work in this area needs considerable specialized clinical skills which are based on specific knowledge in this area. In this work, I will discuss the care of a patient with aplastic anaemia and explore the requisite clinical skills for such a patient on the basis of existing and current knowledge and also seek to examine the rationale of investigations, management, and nursing plans of such a patient from those perspectives and to investigate the alternative treatments in a patient with aplastic anaemia that I was assigned care of (Young, NS., 2002). Normal Erythropoiesis: Hematopoiesis is the process by which the formed elements of the blood or the cells in the blood are produced. The process is regulated through a series of steps beginning with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Stem cells are capable of producing red cells, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, and the cells of the immune system. Commitment of the stem cell to the specific cell lineages appears not to be regulated by known exogenous growth factors or cytokines (Choi, JW., 2006). Rather, stem cells develop into differentiated cell types through incompletely defined molecular events that are intrinsic to the stem cell itself. Following differentiation, hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells come increasingly under the regulatory influence of growth factors and hormones. For red cell production, erythropoietin (EPO) is the regulatory hormone. EPO is required for the maintenance of committed erythroid progenitor cells that, in the absence of the hormone, undergo programmed cell death. The regulated process of red cell production is

How Is Power Generated With Hydroelectricity?

How Is Power Generated With Hydroelectricity? Hydroelectric power energy from falling water. Hydro electric power means getting energy from flowing water. This method of energy generation is viewed as very environmentally friendly by many people, since no waste happens during energy generation. However, hydroelectric power can have a deep impact on the surrounding environment, leading some people to question the help of hydroelectric power as a method of clean energy generation. Hydroelectric power is used to run water as an energy source and mostly in grind corn. Hydroelectricity produced enough power light for two paper mills and a house. Nearly ally of the hydroelectric power stations, provide around 20% of the worlds electricity. The Origin of Hydro Power was first used in Ancient Egypt. They used flowing water to make a machine work and grind their crops. The Size of the Hydro power plants today range in size from some hundred kilowatts to several hundred megawatts. Some of the larger plants have capacities up to 10,000 megawatts and supply electricity to millions of people. Over 80 percent of all electricity produced by renewable sources is produced by large hydroelectric dams. With low carbon dioxide emissions and working costs, hydropower is an important part of a climate friendly energy mix. More sustainable sources, such as wave and tidal power, could save the standing of water based energy production. Hydropower accounts for around 20% of the worlds electricity generation, and a little over 2 percent of the worlds total energy supply. Although dams often have big environmental and social impacts, the World Wide Fund for Nature estimates that another 370 Giga watts of large, medium, or small hydroelectric capacity could be developed without unacceptable impacts by 2050. The energy output Because most dams use gravity, a hydroelectric dams energy output depends largely on the height difference between the tank water source and the outflow. Water flow along the rivers is another important factor, as is the age and efficiency of a dam. Many of the worlds older dams will need to be upgraded or repowered in the coming decades to improve efficiency, which will be expensive but could eventually add another 30 GW to the global energy mix. Environmental impact Large hydroelectric dams have a number of negative impacts on the local environment and human society. Dams disrupt river ecosystems and passages, killing aquatic life that gets caught in turbine blades. Dams also create artificial reservoirs, which floods farmland and forests, and displaces wildlife and people. Hydroelectric projects are also susceptible to fluctuations in river flows and rainfall. Which depends on energy from the Volta River Dam, has suffered severe energy shortages in recent years because of lack of rainfall. The key environmental problem with hydroelectric power is that blocking changes the natural environment. The flow of a river is basically changed when a dam is installed, posing problems for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam. However, there are some arguments in support of hydroelectric power. Once installed, a hydroelectric power plant does not generate any emissions or waste, making it very much preferable to something like a coal fired power plant. The technology of hydroelectric power is also always being improved, and sometimes simple measures like fish ladders can moderate the impact of a dam. How it worksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1. Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is generated by the force of falling water. Its one of the cleanest sources of energy and its also the most reliable and costs the least. 2. Water is needed to run a hydroelectric power-generating unit. The water is held behind a dam, forming an artificial lake. The force of the water being released from the reservoir through the dam spins the blades of a giant turbine. The turbine is connected to the generator that makes electricity as it spins. After passing through the turbine, the water flows back into the river on the other side of the dam. Basically the exciter powers the rotator. 3. Electricity is produced by spinning electromagnets within a generators wire coil that creates a flow of electrons. To keep the electromagnets spinning, hydroelectric stations use falling water. Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity. The energy in flowing water is ultimately derived from the sun, and is therefore constantly being renewed. As the rotator and its magnetic field turn, an electric charge is created in the stator. 4. Energy contained in sunlight evaporates water from the oceans and deposits it on land in the form of rain. Differences in land elevation result in rainfall runoff, allowing some of the original solar energy to be captured as hydroelectric power. Most hydroelectric stations use either the natural drop of the river or build a dam across the river to raise the water level and provide the drop needed to create a driving force. Water at the higher level goes through the intake into a pipe, called a penstock, which carries it down to the turbine. A transformer increases the voltage of the current coming from the starter. The turbine is a type of water wheel that converts the waters energy into mechanical power. The turbine is connected to a generator, when the turbine is set in motion it causes the generator to rotate, producing electricity. The falling water, having served its purpose, exits the generating station through the draft tube and the tailrace where it rejoins the river. Building a dam means flooding a lot of land. The sun evaporates water from the sea to the lakes. This forms clouds and falls as rain in the mountains which then keeps the dam supplied with water. For free. Gravitational potential energy is stored in the water above the dam. Because the height of the water it will get to the turbines at a higher pressure. This means that people can extract a great deal of energy from it. The water then flows down to the river as normal. There is another way of using the hydroelectric power is to build the station next to a fast flowing river. However using this way may cause a problem which when you do the arrangement the flow of the water cannot be controlled and water cannot be stored. Advantagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Once the dam is built, energy is almost free. No waste or pollution produced It is more reliable than wind, solar and wave power Water can be stored above the dam Hydroelectric power stations can increase to full power quickly. Electricity can be generated all the time. Disadvantagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is very expensive to build Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream which can cause problems for animals Hard to find a suitable site. Water quality can be effected which have an impact on plants. Hydroelectric power is renewable. It is renewable in the sense that people cannot take away the source of the energy by using them. The sun provides water by evaporation from the sea. No fuel is needed in this generation. Also energy of the tides will not go away if the power is used. Efficiency The equation for hydro electric power is P = Q X H X 0.18 X E The p is for power in watts. The Q is the flow rate in gallons per minute The H is vertical relief measured in feet 0.18 is a unit conversion constant The E is the efficiency of the turbine The micro hydroelectric turbines are an efficiency of 50%. However for the mini hydroelectric applications the efficiency is a bit higher usually around 65%. The Cost The costs of the hydro electric power is everything concerning hydro, the costs are site specific, they will depend on the head available such as the higher the head the smaller the turbine needed to generate the same level of power. The high head machines can be also be connected directly to the generator without the need for the belts. Hydroelectric power is attractive because its cheap for the consumer average price in the PNW is around 4 cents per KWH this is 3 times less than the national average. Low costs to the consumer reflect relatively low operating costs of the Hydro Facility. Most of the cost is in building the dam Operating costs about 0.6 cents per KWH Coal Plant averages around 2.2 cents per KWH which reflects costs of mining, transport and distribution. Energy density in stored important water is high, so one liter of water per second on a turbine generates 720 watts of power. If this power can be continuously generated for 24 hours per day for one month then the total number of KWH per month is then: 720 watts x 24 hours/day x 30 days/month = 518 Kwh/month. Power generating capacity is directly relative to the height the water falls. For a fall of say only 3m, 30 times less electricity would be generated but this is just for a miniscule flow rate of 1 kg/sec. Solar Power- Energy from the Sun Solar power is energy which comes from the sun. People have used sun for drying clothes and foods for thousands of years but only now people have been able to use it for generating power. The sun is about 150 million kilometres away and very powerful. Just a tiny fraction of the suns energy that hits the earth is enough to meet all the power needs many times over. Every minute enough energy gets to the earth to meet the demands for a whole year. Solar power is energy which comes from the sun. This energy is very powerful and hits the earth regardless of whether or not we take advantage of it. Even the tiny percentage of sunlight that touches the earth is plenty to meet the energy and power needs of the entire human population more than 8,500 times over. Energy from the sun is converted into solar power using solar collectors. Solar panels consist of solar cells designed to capture energy from the sun. The solar panels used in heating air and liquid are different from those used to provide electricity. To absorb the highest possible amount of solar energy, solar panels must be pointed at the sun. Energy from the sun can be converted into solar power in two ways. The first way involves the use of solar thermal applications. Solar thermal applications use the suns energy to provide direct heat to air or liquid. Solar thermal panels can be used for both housing and larger scale applications. The second way of obtaining solar power involves the use of photoelectric applications. Photoelectric applications use photovoltaic cells in converting energy from the sun into electricity. Photovoltaic cells are considered low maintenance and well suited to remote applications. They use semiconductors like silicon to convert energy from the sun into electricity. How solar power worksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Solar cells- the Photovoltaic (Photo means light and voltaic means electricity) which convert light directly into electricity, for example in sunny weather you can get enough power to run a 100w light bulb from just one square metre of solar panel. Solar cells provide the energy to run satellites that orbit the earth. Solar water heating- this is where heat from the sun is used to heat water in glass panels. This means people do not use so much gas and electricity to heat water at home. Water is pumped through pipes in the panel, the pipes are painted black, and so they get hotter when the sun shines on them. Solar furnaces- it uses a huge collection of mirrors to concentrate the suns energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures. Solar furnaces are very huge solar cookers. A solar cooker can be used in hot countries to cook food. Solar energy isnt all about generating electricity: For example, photo luminescent products store light energy. Theyre also called self-luminous and are a useful source of emergency lighting in the event of a sudden power outage. The advantages of solar power areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Solar energy is free it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity. Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers, or for helping your home energy bills. The disadvantages of solar power areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Doesnt work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations, although the cost is coming down as technology improves. Can be unreliable unless youre in a very sunny climate. Solar cells are expensive Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it. 3 main ways to use it:- Sun heats water in panels on your roof Solar cells photovoltaic cells make electricity from sunlight Solar furnace Solar power isnt much use unless you live somewhere sunny Doesnt cause pollution, doesnt need fuel. Basics of solar power The amount of power generated by solar cells is determined by the amount of light falling on them, which is depending on the weather and time of day. Sometimes there will be too much power, other times these wont be enough. In this case the system battery can be damaged if it was overcharged or over discharged. The smallest system may have only 12 volts of light, but in bigger systems 23o or 110 volts will probably be needed. An invert is used to transform the low voltage Direct Current generated by the solar panel into mains voltage Alternate current. The costs of solar power Solar power is currently selling for between  £3 and 35 per watt of rated power output. A typical panel that you might install on your roof would be rated for between 100 and 300 watts and therefore will cost between about  £400 and around  £1500 or so. A complete solar power system also needs some other components and will have some installation costs and so the total installed cost of a solar system is usually in the range of  £8 10 per watt of rated power. Most home sized systems are rated in the 1000 to 10,000 watt range and therefore cost between about  £8000 and  £100,000 to install. Many states offer refunds and tax savings that can reduce this cost by as much as 50%.These systems will normally generate between about  £300 and  £2500 worth or electricity per year. Solar panels are expected to last between 30 and 50 years and so these systems will likely generate between  £9000 and  £120,000 worth of electricity over their life time. This will be different widely though based on local electricity costs and may well increase greatly in the future if electricity rates rise. Energy efficiency Energy efficiency saves money, where solar energy saves even more money. The efficiency rating of solar panels is fairly low for instance the amount of the suns energy converted into electricity. Depending on the situation it can range from 5% to 15%, although there have been some recent breakthroughs in technology which has increased this to 40%. However it will be some years before this technology becomes money making available in the solar panels we fit to our homes. When calculating how many solar panels you need for your home, you dont need to be too concerned about the efficiency rating of your panel because photovoltaic solar panels are specified by their energy generating capacity. For example, 100 watt panels will output 100 watts of energy under ideal conditions. So if you are looking to produce 1kw per hr of energy you will need 10 x 100 watt panels. Solar panels range in their energy output. normally they range from 30 to 205 watts. If you are DIY then pay special interest in calculating your energy requirements. If you are getting a company to draw up plans for you then they will take care of this calculation. There are three main types of solar photovoltaic cells and these are polycrystalline, mono crystalline and thin film. Each has different efficiency ratings when converting the suns energy into electricity and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. The main difference between them is size and price. The more efficient technologies like mono crystalline panels are more efficient than the other two and so the panels are smaller and take up less space when comparing like for like in energy output but they are more expensive. So before you decide which panels to go for, you need to calculate your energy requirements, establish how much you want to invest and then go and compare the different panels. There are many other aspects that can affect the efficiency of your panels. We find the following to be the most common: how often you clean them, are they infrared, how much sun do they get and how hot do they get. It is a surprise to many people that for most panels their efficiency drops when the temperature starts to go above 25 Deg Celsius. If you want a hot water heater conversion then solar thermal panels are a lot more efficient. In summary, on face value solar energy does not seem very efficient, although it is improving year on year. However, dont get too tied up about the efficiency of the panels, focus more on the output, size and level of investment. Sustainability Solar energy will burn for billions of years; it wont run out any time soon. This is sustainable because it will not reduce in the near future. They use primarily silicon, which is one of the richest materials on earth. But they can also use other things, like metals (copper, silver, gold), and some toxic chemicals (arsenic, cadmium) etc. The sustainability of these materials are recyclable, and it is thought 99% of a solar cell can be recycled. But the production of them does has some toxic site affects, which means we have to balance the clean energy production of the cells with the bad by products of their manufacturing process. Appropriate energy The biggest gains are usually found in lighting. Solar power doesnt have to be used for heating, but it would help. However, electricity is a bad way of heating things, but you can use solar power to heat water. Most houses are not designed for energy efficiency especially old houses. Normally light bulbs waste a lot of energy, thats because they work by getting hot. Its like getting a little light and a lot of heat. Always use low energy lamps. However in low voltage lamps if your solar power is small and you dont have a big inverter, then you will be better off with low voltage lamps. Tidal power Coming and going of the tides gives this form of renewable energy a different advantage over other sources that are not as predictable and reliable, such as wind or solar. The Department of Trade and Industry has stated that almost 10% of the United Kingdoms electricity needs could be met by tidal power. Tides come and go is because it is all to do with the gravitational force of the Moon and Sun, and also the rotation of the Earth. This diagram shows how the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun affect the tides on Earth. The size of this attraction depends on the mass of the object and its distance away. The moon has the greater effect on earth even with having less mass than the sun because it is so much closer. The gravitational force of the moon causes the oceans to swell along an axis pointing directly at the moon. The rotation of the earth causes the rise and fall of the tides. When the sun and moon are in line their gravitational attraction on the earth combine and cause a spring tide. When they are as positioned in the first diagram above, 90 ° from each other, their gravitational attraction each pulls water in different directions, causing a neap tide. The rotational period of the moon is around 4 weeks, while one rotation of the earth takes 24 hours; this results in a tidal cycle of around 12.5 hours. This tidal behaviour is easily predictable and this means that if harnessed, tidal energy could generate power for defined periods of time. These periods of generation could be used to offset generation from other forms such as fossil or nuclear which have environmental consequences. Although this means that supply will never match demand, offsetting harmful forms of generation is an important starting point for renewable energy. Tidal energy is a type of energy that produces electricity and other form of power through the use of water. Tidal energy is the energy that could be obtained from changing sea levels. It is a direct result of tide changing from low to high. The two basic theories on how to convert tides into power are: Is involves in converting the power of the horizontal movement of the water into electricity. Involves producing energy from the rise and drop of water levels. LIKE THIS! Most are at the concept proving stage and have links to universities such as Plymouth, Manchester and Imperial College. Technologies in development include: Use of a shore based oscillating water column, Trapping and compressing air in successive waves to build enough compression to drive a turbine Using pressure differences under wave crests to drive water flows through turbine chambers Floating buoys that use the kinetic energy of the buoys rise and fall to drive a turbine Using the motion of joints in an articulated structure to drive hydraulic rams that power motors. There are different types of turbines that are available for use in a tidal barrage. A bulb turbine is one in which water flows around the turbine. If a repair is required then the water must be stopped which causes a problem and is time consuming with possible loss of generation. When rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right angles to the to the turbine blades, making access easier. But this type of turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is difficult to control its performance. The blades of this turbine are connected to a long tube and are leaning at an angle so that the generator is sitting on top of the barrage. The turbines in the barrage can be used to pump extra water into the basin at periods of low demand. This usually works with cheap electricity prices, generally at night when demand is low. The company therefore buys the electricity to pump the extra water in, and then generates power at times of high demand when prices are high so as to make a profit. HOW IT WORKS Step 1: First a place must be chosen for the plant to be built Step 2: Then it must be tested to make sure the waves are big enough to produce enough electricity to make up for the price. Step 3: After this they must build the power plant Step 4: Then they have to test it to make sure it works Step 5: The tidal power plant should do the following: The waves should go into the plant. The pressure of the waves should turn the turbines making electricity. It would cost at least  £15 billion to build a tidal power. However there would be a number of benefits, including protecting a large stretch of coastline against damage from high storm tides and providing an already made road bridge. Although the drastic changes to the currents in the estuary could have a huge affects on the economic and huge number of birds that feed on the mud, so when the tides goes out the birds would have no where to feed. Efficiency of tidal power The benefit of tidal range power is its remarkable efficiency: once constructed, up to 80% of the potential energy of the water captured which can be converted to electricity with no greenhouse emissions. Tidal energy is also attractive from the point of view of energy security which makes uses of resources naturally available on and around the stores. Economics The capital required to start construction of a barrage has been the main awkward block to its deployment. It is not an attractive plan to a saver due to long payback periods. This problem could be solved by government funding or large organisations getting involved with tidal power. In terms of long term costs, once the construction of the barrage is complete, there are very small maintenance and running costs and the turbines only need replacing once around every 30 years. The life of the plant is unclear and for its entire life it will receive free fuel from the tide. The economics of a tidal barrage are very complicated. The optimum design would be the one that produced the most power but also had the smallest barrage possible. Social Impact The building of a tidal barrage can have much social cost on the surrounding area. During the building of the barrage, the amount of traffic and people in the area will increase and will last for a few years. The barrage can be used as a road or rail link, providing a time saving method of crossing the bay or estuary. There is also the possibility of include wind turbines into the barrage to generate extra power. The barrage would affect shipping would have to be made to allow ships to pass through. The biggest disadvantages of tidal barrages are the environmental and ecological affects on the local area. This is very difficult to expect, each site is different and there are not many projects that are available for comparison. The change in water level and possible flooding would affect the plants around the coast, having an impact on the aquatic and shore ecosystems. The quality of the water in the basin or estuary would also be affected, the remains levels would change, affecting the turbidity of the water and therefore affecting the animals that live in it and depend upon it such as fish and birds. Fish would certainly be affected unless condition was made for them to pass through the barrage without being killed by turbines. All these changes would affect the types of birds that are in the area, as they will travel to other areas with more favourable conditions for them. These effects are not all bad, and may allow different species of plant and creature to grow in an area where they are not normally found. But these issues are very fine and need to be independently assessed for the area. Advantage Once tidal power is built it is free. It doesnt produced no green house gases or other waste It needs no fuel It produces electricity Its not expensive to maintain Tides are totally predictable Offshore turbines are not ruinously expensive to build and do not have large environmental impact. Unlike wind and solar power production using the tidal forces is constant and predictable. No Waste produced Sustainability of energy production. Easy and not expensive to maintenance. Has little impact on the environment. Tidal energy turbines are dropped into deep water, so they are not a danger to ships. Tidal power cannot be used up Disadvantages A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build and effects wide areas Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flat so that they can feed and Fish cant travel Only provides power for around 10 hours a day- when the tide is actually moving in and out There are few suitable sites for tidal barrage. Heavier that wind turbines More expensive than wind turbines. Usually producing power for around 10 hours each day. This is the time frame in which the tide is actually moving in or out. Tidal energy has potential to become a possible option for large scale, base load generation. Tidal Streams are the most attractive method, having reduced environmental and ecological impacts and being cheaper and quicker to be installed. Tidal barrage is where a dam or barrage is built across an estuary or bay that experiences an enough tidal range. This tidal range has to be in overload of 5 metres for the barrage to be possible. The purpose of this dam or barrage is to let water flow through it into the basin as the tide comes in. The barrage has gates in it that allow the water to pass through. The gates are closed when the tide has stopped coming in, trapping the water within the basin creating a hydrostatic head. As the tide moves away out with the barrage, gates in the barrage that contain turbines are opened, the hydrostatic head causes the water to come through these gates, driving the turbines and generating power. Power can be generated in both directions through the barrage but this can affect efficiency and the economics of the project. The structure of a barrage requires a very long national engineering project. The barrage will have environmental and ecological impacts not only during building but will change the area affected forever. Just what these impacts will be is very hard to measure as they are site specific, and each barrage is different. There are different types of turbines that are available for use in a tidal barrage. A bulb turbine is one in which water flows around the turbine. If protection is required then the water must be stopped which causes a problem and is time consuming with possible loss of generation. When rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right angles to the to the turbine blades, making access easier. But this type of turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is difficult to control its performance. Bulb Turbine Rim Turbine Tubular Turbine The turbines in the barrage can be used to pump extra water into the basin at stages of low order. This usually matches with cheap electricity prices, generally at night when the order is low. The company therefore buys the electricity to pump the extra water in, and then generates power at times of high claim when prices are high so as to make a profit. This has been used in Hydro Power, and in that context is known as pumped storage. The economical effects of tidal power are when they start building of a barrage has been the main uncertain block to its use. It is not an attractive to a saver due to long payback periods. This problem could be solved by government funding or large organisations getting involved with tidal power. In terms of long term costs, once the building of the barrage is complete, there are very small maintenance and running costs and the turbines only need replacing once around every 30 years. The life of the plant is unclear and for its entire life it will receive free fuel from the tide. The economics of a tidal barrage are very complicated. The best design would be the one that produced the most power but also had the smallest barrage possible. Social impact The building of a tidal barrage can have many social costs on the surrounding area. During building of the barrage, the amount of traffic and people in the area will increase a lot and will last for a number of years. The barrage can be used as a road or rail link, providing a time saving method of crossing the area. There is also the possibility of including wind turbines into the barrage to generate extra power. The barrage would affect shipping and navigation and but would have to be made to allow ships to pass through. Wind power A wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy. Such as people use wind turbine to make electricity, wind mills for mechanical power, wind pumps for pumping water or dra