Qualitative Domestic Violence in Australia for Criminology Area

Question: Discuss about theQualitative Domestic Violence in Australia for Criminology Area. Answer: Introduction The Family Act 1975 defines domestic violence in Australia being a behaviour of a person threatening to control or coerce members of family to be fearful(Livingston, 2011). The act primarily refers to violence amongst people having or have had intimate relationship in domestic setting. Most prevalent form of domestic violence is of men against female partners and also extends to include same-sex relationships. States legislations sometimes applies broader concepts to include more types of violence, as in Victoria it is referred to as family violence. The scope of this study analyses qualitatively parliamentary publication of Mitchell (2011) Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. The scope of this journal evaluates to find correlation between sale of alcohol with that domestic abuse cases. The reseacrh was udnertaken as a social rescherch program for Federal Government. Research Aims and Questions Domestic violence is a grave criminal offence and is often under reported or avoided. The scope of this article primary conducts a correlation between alcohol density and rates of domestic violence in Australia(Hennink, 2010). The scope of the above article evaluates the following research aims and questions pertaining to the topic. Research Aim 1: To understand the meaning of domestic violence and its types prevalence across various parts of the country Research Aim 2: To analyse the risk factors associated with domestic violence, especially use of alcohol and other drugs Research Aim 3: To evaluate various risk groups facing violence Research Aim 4: To analyse cases that are reported to police for seeking help Research Aim 5: To action taken by police to resolve cases In order to answer the above research aims the following questions has to be answered(Taylor, 2015). Research Question 1: What are the various definitions of domestic violence used across Australia? Research Question 2: What are the prevalent types of domestic violence? Research Question 3: Who are the risk groups facing domestic violence? Research Question 4: How many cases of domestic violence are reported to police? Research Question 5: What is the action taken by police to resolve cases reported of domestic violence? Qualitative Method evaluation The journal is an integral paper that understands the correlation between liquor license rate, reports made to police authorities in a given area with that of domestic violence rate from local police data. The author of the paper has adopted qualitative methods of evaluation by collection of data from various parts of Australia(Tracy, 2012). Subjective data was appropriate and used for the purpose of the study to draw correlation between variables proposed. The scholar mostly adopted data collection from metropolitan areas of Australia. The article conducts research in area that had not been attempted earlier in Australia. The scholar adopted participant observation. The participants in the observation comprised mainly of mixed characteristics of Aboriginals and other Australians(Lewis, 2015). Though the observation had been conducted across specific post codes only but it was suited for the specific study as reported incidence to police at these post codes were higher compared to ot her regions. Each participant was well-suited for the purpose of data collection as data obtained was specific. Participant observation method is appropriate for the purpose of collecting data from naturally occurring behaviour from usual context(Neuman, 2013). The participants differed culturally from one another and varied types of data was collected for this purpose. Once the scholar had collected varied types of data from participants, it was further analysed qualitatively to arrive at findings related to the study. The scholar made use of inductive techniques along with proper reasoning to arrive at findings related to the study(Liamputtong, 2009). Critical Evaluation and Analysing success of the Publication Australian women up to 16% experiences some or the other type of partner violence revealed by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) as a part of the Personal Safety Study (PSS). Though there has been a declining trend compare to last year but one in every six women experienced physical violence by a partner compared to one in seventeen ratio for men(Ellsberg, 2008). Study conducted with cross-sectional data to find correlation between liquor outlet density and domestic violence rates provides positive relationship. Domestic violence risk cases being widely spread across Australia reveals that heavy episodic drinking almost doubles the rates of domestic violence. Participants observation reflects that individuals, who reported cases of violence were engaged in heavy episodic drinking. Incidence associated with heavy drinking was nearly six times and resulted in psychological, emotional and physical injury. Heavy drinking was associated with coercive control exerting behaviour over int imate partner. Threats in such cases can range from isolation, financial, emotional or behavioral control. Alcohol implicated partner violence depicts that alcohol purchased was within 500m to 10 km of the location. Most sales of these alcohols were purchased from supermarkets or other licensed packaged outlets. Drugs and use of other substances also potentially affected increased rates of abuse in family(Wendt, 2009). When the complex concept of violence is understood it resulted in identification of manifestation of interaction between family and intimate relationship. Victims of such violence are women, men and children with offenders being individual perpetrators. Longitudinal study conducted by the scholar reflects similar trends across growing experience of violence. Three most coercive behaviours that were outcomes related to high or hazardous levels of alcohol drinking reflects offenders to shout or swear, possessive or jealous and makes use of provocative arguments. The scholar made use of cross-sectional time-series aggregated data from post codes to study relationship between d omestic violence and alcohol outlet density using fixed-effects model. Alcohol outlet density was measured from three different types of outlet as on-premise, packaged liquor, and hotel or pub related consumption. The study concluded that there was high levels of association between domestic violence and alcohol outlet density in Melbourne. Limitations of the study Though the study aimed at evaluating several parameters related to domestic violence and establishes the same, yet it has been effectively able to establish correlation with sale of alcohol density only. Hence the study has encountered several limitations as given below; The scholar has examined post codes from Metropolitan areas alone whereas cases of domestic violence are high in Victoria and South Wales. Apart from alcohol abuse, there are several factors associated with domestic violence but none of the factors have been taken into consideration. Only data pertaining Melbourne and those obtained from police had been taken into consideration. The study has not considered any exclusion of reporting associated with domestic violence cases across Australia. Reference Lists Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H.A., Heise, L., Watts, C.H. and Garcia-Moreno, C., 2008. Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study.The Lancet,371(9619), pp.1165-1172. Hennink, M. H. (2010). Qualitative research methods. Sage. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475. Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitative research methods. Livingston, M. (2011). A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and domestic violence. Addiction, 106(5), 919-925. Mitchell, L. (2011). Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Pearson education. Taylor, S. J. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Tracy, S. J. (2012). Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis, communicating impact. John Wiley Sons. Wendt, S. C. (2009). Domestic violence in rural Australia.